Ohio courts
When must I Answer an ordinary Ohio civil complaint?
You normally must Answer an ordinary Ohio civil complaint within 28 calendar days after service of the summons and complaint on the defendant, under Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1). If the final day is a Saturday, Sunday or Ohio legal holiday, the computation rule carries it to the next day that is not. Ohio legal holidays for 2026 and 2027 are applied; a local court closure or a holiday declared by the Governor or the President can extend the deadline further.
- Period
- 28 calendar days
- Trigger
- Service of the summons and complaint on the defendant
- Rule
- Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1)
Ohio rules as encoded, 2026 and 2027 legal holidays bundled
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Which date starts the 28-day period?
The period runs from the service of the summons and complaint on the defendant.
For Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1), count forward from the trigger event. Confirm the event on the docket or in the service record before entering a date.
Read Supreme Court of Ohio rulesThe defendant shall serve his answer within twenty-eight days after service of the summons and complaint upon him
Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1)
This period runs from service as the rule defines it. Do not substitute the filing date, the day a courtesy copy arrived or the day you first read the paper. Confirm that event before applying Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1).
Which date do I enter?How are the 28 calendar days counted?
- Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1). Exclude the day of the trigger event.
- Count every following day, including intermediate Saturdays, Sundays and legal holidays.
- If the last day is a Saturday, Sunday or Ohio legal holiday, continue to the next day that is not one of those.
The Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1) record uses this method. Exclude the trigger day and count calendar days under Ohio Civ.R. 6(A).
For Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1), if the final day is a Saturday, Sunday or Ohio legal holiday, the computation rule carries it to the next day that is not. Ohio legal holidays for 2026 and 2027 are applied; a local court closure or a holiday declared by the Governor or the President can extend the deadline further.
The supporting computation provision for Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1) adds this boundary. Ohio computes time under Ohio Civ.R. 6(A). The calculator applies Ohio legal holidays for 2026 and 2027. A local court closure, an emergency closure or a holiday declared by the Governor or the President is not bundled and can extend the deadline.
Read Ohio Civ.R. 6(A)The calculation applies the ordinary method recorded for Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1). Check applicable holidays, court accessibility and the filing cutoff separately.
Review the filing checklistWhat does a worked calculation look like?
Fictitious example
Assume the service of the summons and complaint on the defendant on Tuesday, September 1, 2026 (service of the summons and complaint on the defendant on this date, with no order, motion or extension affecting the period), with no order, motion, extension or local closure affecting the result. Exclude the trigger day and count calendar days under Ohio Civ.R. 6(A). The example assumes no local rule, order or closure changes the ordinary period under Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1).
| Step | What is counted | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Service | Do not count this day | September 1, 2026 |
| Day 1 | Start counting calendar days | September 2, 2026 |
| Day 28 | Ordinary deadline in this example | September 29, 2026 |
Can an order, motion or extension change the deadline?
- Extensions
- Any enlargement is governed by Ohio Civ.R. 6(B), the applicable rule and the court order.
- Orders and local rules
- A scheduling order, approved stipulation, standing order or local rule can control over the ordinary period described by Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1).
- Any enlargement is governed by Ohio Civ.R. 6(B), the applicable rule and the court order.
- A stipulation, scheduling order, standing order or local rule can control over the ordinary period described by Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1).
What should I check before filing?
Common questions
Starting the clock
Does the clock start on the service of the summons and complaint on the defendant, or when I first learned of it?
Under Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1), the period runs from the service of the summons and complaint on the defendant, not from the day you read about it, received a courtesy copy or attended a hearing. Use the date shown on the docket or in the service record.
Counting days and filing
Is it 28 calendar days or business days?
For Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1), count calendar days, including intermediate weekends and holidays. If the final day is a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday, Ohio Civ.R. 6(A) carries it forward as provided by that rule.
Ohio Civ.R. 6(A)Which time zone and filing cutoff apply?
Ohio filing rules and the court’s electronic filing system set the cutoff. This calculator does not verify filing hours or system availability. Confirm that boundary before relying on a Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1) result.
Ohio Civ.R. 6(A)What if the court is inaccessible on the last day?
Ohio Civ.R. 6(A) and the court’s administrative orders govern an inaccessible clerk’s office. Check the court’s notices. This calculator does not predict a closure. This check remains separate from the ordinary Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1) count.
Ohio Civ.R. 6(A)Extensions and local rules
Can the court extend this deadline?
Any enlargement is governed by Ohio Civ.R. 6(B), the applicable rule and the court order. A request does not itself extend the period under Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1), and no discretionary extension is calculated here.
Do local rules, standing orders or a scheduling order change the date?
They can. A local rule, standing order or case-specific order can control over the ordinary period calculated under Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1). Compare the result with every applicable order before relying on it.
Choosing the right calculator
Does this calculator decide whether the rule applies to my case?
No. It calculates a period from the date you provide under Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1). It does not decide whether the rule governs your filing, whether an exception applies, or whether the filing has merit.
Can I calculate the deadline without an account?
Yes. Enter the trigger date to see the free calculation under Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1), including the citation, counting steps and warnings. Court-specific facts can keep a result provisional.
Results, records and your case
What is included in an Evidence Record?
An eligible Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1) record retains the inputs, result, cited rule, calculation working, warnings and review state. It records that calculation and its fingerprint, not a guarantee of legal correctness.
Does saving to a case activate the calendar?
Not automatically. A provisional Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1) result remains subject to review, and a separately labeled manual date does not alter the original calculation.
Official sources and review
Provisions used (2)
| Provision | Purpose |
|---|---|
| Ohio Civ.R. 12(A)(1) | Trigger and period |
| Ohio Civ.R. 6(A) | Counting, holidays and the last day |