When does the five-year securities fraud repose component expire?

Section 1658(b)(2) sets a five-year component measured from the violation itself. The statute requires suit by the earlier of this component and the two-year discovery component. Enter the established violation date, rather than discovery or the date an investigation began.

Responsible actor. The plaintiff bringing a covered private securities fraud action.

Identify the particular violation underlying the pleaded claim.

Preserve evidence supporting its legal date.

Independently establish discovery and compare the two-year component.

This is the violation component of the statutory comparison. Resolve which act constitutes the relevant violation and any disputed endpoint or exception before relying on it.

1. Established date of the securities-law violation
2. For the established federal civil court component, FRCP 6(a)(1) excludes the trigger day and includes intermediate weekends and holidays. A period in months or years uses its corresponding calendar date, rather than a fixed number of days. The final weekend or legal holiday moves forward under Rule 6(a). A target month or year without the corresponding day requires separate endpoint review; this calculator refuses that input.
3. Commence the covered private civil action by the earlier applicable component. A government penalty proceeding is a different statutory question.

Retained 2024 annual U.S. Code, laws in effect January 6, 2025. The subsequent-law review covers the retained 119th Congress corpus through Public Law 119-118, approved September 30, 2026. Its scoped candidate findings do not establish every claim-specific exception or later judicial application. This page requires the stated covered cause and legally established event. Court computation uses the retained December 1, 2025 FRCP compilation; identified agency regulations use their separately stated 2026 API editions.

The calendar covers established events and results from January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2033. OPM observations for 2025–2030 are independently checked. Dates in 2031–2033 are standing-rule projections under 5 U.S.C. § 6103, not published OPM schedules. Additional presidential, congressional or district-state holidays, amendments and actual clerk inaccessibility require separate review. Inauguration Day is not treated as a nationwide district-court holiday. The coverage boundary does not establish statutory applicability or lateness.

Fictitious example

Fictitious independently established facts. This is the violation component of the statutory comparison. Resolve which act constitutes the relevant violation and any disputed endpoint or exception before relying on it.

Fictitious independently established events and classifications. The displayed result is this one untolled component. Securities earlier-of comparisons and alternative wage classifications are separately identified. These examples do not determine accrual, discovery, statutory liability, the actual forum, an exception, a completed filing or an unrecorded closure. This is the violation component of the statutory comparison. Resolve which act constitutes the relevant violation and any disputed endpoint or exception before relying on it.

Separate event

Later discovery does not change the violation event used for this component.

Comparison remains necessary

An earlier discovery-component boundary can govern before five years have passed.

Exceptions are not assumed

This calculation applies no tolling, suspension or exception to the five-year component. A claimed exception requires separate controlling authority.

Calendar and endpoint coverage

The calendar covers established events and results from January 1, 2025 through December 31, 2033. OPM observations for 2025–2030 are independently checked. Dates in 2031–2033 are standing-rule projections under 5 U.S.C. § 6103, not published OPM schedules. Additional presidential, congressional or district-state holidays, amendments and actual clerk inaccessibility require separate review. Inauguration Day is not treated as a nationwide district-court holiday. The coverage boundary does not establish statutory applicability or lateness.

• This is the violation component of the statutory comparison. Resolve which act constitutes the relevant violation and any disputed endpoint or exception before relying on it.
• The calculation supplies the stated component on established facts. Unmodeled tolling, competing components and claim-specific exceptions require separate controlling review.

• Identify the particular violation underlying the pleaded claim.
• Preserve evidence supporting its legal date.
• Independently establish discovery and compare the two-year component.
• Later discovery does not change the violation event used for this component.
• An earlier discovery-component boundary can govern before five years have passed.
• This calculation applies no tolling, suspension or exception to the five-year component. A claimed exception requires separate controlling authority.
• For this federal civil court component, FRCP 3 uses filing the complaint to commence the action, subject to a specific statutory requirement such as claimant written consent. Under FRCP 6(a)(4), the last day ordinarily ends at midnight in the court’s time zone for electronic filing, or at scheduled clerk closing for other filing. A different statute, local rule or court order can set a different time. Establish the actual court and completed filing; an unsuccessful attempt is not automatically a completed filing. Rule 6(a)(3) concerns actual clerk inaccessibility. Rule 6(d) is not an automatic addition to statutory accrual, discovery, denial-mailing or notice-receipt components.