United States · New York civil procedure
When are New York answering affidavits due without a demand?
Without a qualifying sixteen-day demand, CPLR 2214(b) requires answering affidavits at least two days before the return time, using the exact two-day counting rule.
- Period
- 2 days backward, with the exact two-day intervening-day rule
- Trigger
- Actual noticed return date and time, without a qualifying sixteen-day demand
- Rule
- CPLR 2214(b)
Current official section, website revision from 2014-09-22, reviewed. The revision label is not an inferred effective date.
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Which event starts the CPLR 2214(b) period?
Read the served notice and supporting papers. Establish the actual return date, return time and absence of a qualifying sixteen-day demand.
A motion served well in advance does not by itself impose the seven-day opposition branch. Compare the demand’s wording, actual service and any separate briefing order.
Responsible actor. The party opposing the noticed motion. The default two-day answering-affidavit branch, personal service, an actual open-day return date and no qualified demand, order to show cause, method addition or different briefing order.
CPLR 2214(b)How is this return-based requirement counted?
- Read the served notice and supporting papers. Establish the actual return date, return time and absence of a qualifying sixteen-day demand.
- A motion served well in advance does not by itself impose the seven-day opposition branch. Compare the demand’s wording, actual service and any separate briefing order.
- Exclude the actual return day and count backward. In this exact two-day period, General Construction Law 20 excludes Saturday, Sunday and public holidays only when they intervene before the final counted day. Final-day rollover is separate under section 25-a.
- Serve the answering affidavits by the statutory boundary and furnish the required papers to the court. If rollover reaches the return day, preserve the applicable hour and any stricter actual direction.
General Construction Law 20 excludes the event day. Its closed-intervening-day exception applies to an exact two-day period, not to a one-day period. Intermediate weekends and public holidays count in other calendar-day periods. Section 25-a expressly includes statutory periods before which an act is due and permits the next succeeding business day for a closed final day. Rollover can place a backward boundary on the return date; preserve the stated hour and actual court directions. Roberts, a separately identified uncorrected Supreme Court decision concerning opposition to a cross-motion, applied section 25-a to a Sunday boundary before a Monday return. It is corroboration of that final-day treatment, not a different universal briefing rule.
The independently derived 2026 and 2027 calendar follows General Construction Law 24 and Election Law 8-100. It includes Lincoln’s Birthday, Flag Day on the second Sunday in June, Juneteenth, general election day and the other specified holidays. Section 24 adds the next day when a listed holiday falls on Sunday, except Flag Day. A Saturday holiday is not automatically observed on Friday under this provision. Additional appointed holidays and actual court or system closures require separate proof.
These calculators cover established events and final dates within January 1, 2026 through December 31, 2027. They require the disclosed statutory branch, independently valid service, no unsupported method addition, no different actual court order and no additional closure. Backward presets require an actual open-day return date. Earlier editions, the 2020 executive-order toll and dates beyond the retained calendar require separate review and receive no computed or paid date. This software coverage boundary does not establish that an actual act is late.
General Construction Law 20, calendar days and exact two-day exceptionWhat does the independently derived example establish?
Fictitious example
The default two-day answering-affidavit branch, personal service, an actual open-day return date and no qualified demand, order to show cause, method addition or different briefing order. Fictitious established event on the input date. The default two-day answering-affidavit branch, personal service, an actual open-day return date and no qualified demand, order to show cause, method addition or different briefing order.
| Step | What is counted | Date |
|---|---|---|
| Established procedural event | Actual noticed return date and time, without a qualifying sixteen-day demand | September 16, 2026 |
| Disclosed statutory component | 2 days backward, with the exact two-day intervening-day rule | Monday, September 14, 2026 |
Fictitious established facts. The result does not prove valid service, the required exception, actual filing, preserved jurisdiction or a granted court extension. The applicable hour and actual court directions remain separate checks.
Try these dates in the calculatorWhich facts change this procedural requirement?
- Exact two-day exception
- General Construction Law 20 excludes closed intervening days only for an exact two-day period. A closed final day is handled separately under section 25-a.
- Qualified demand
- Notice served at least sixteen days before the return time, with the stated demand, invokes seven-day answering and one-day reply periods. This preset excludes that branch.
- No invented clear day
- The statute states at least two days, not two clear days. Exclude the return day under section 20 without adding another day.
- Court and service requirements
- Orders to show cause can specify their own timing and method. Furnishing papers, actual part rules and valid personal service remain separate checks.
- Edition and calendar coverage
- These calculators cover established events and final dates within January 1, 2026 through December 31, 2027. They require the disclosed statutory branch, independently valid service, no unsupported method addition, no different actual court order and no additional closure. Backward presets require an actual open-day return date. Earlier editions, the 2020 executive-order toll and dates beyond the retained calendar require separate review and receive no computed or paid date. This software coverage boundary does not establish that an actual act is late.
- The default two-day answering-affidavit branch, personal service, an actual open-day return date and no qualified demand, order to show cause, method addition or different briefing order.
- The selected date supplies only the disclosed statutory branch. It does not validate the facts or authorize an unmodeled alternative.
Which documents, completed acts and proof should be retained?
Questions about CPLR 2214(b)
When are New York answering affidavits due without a demand?
If the hearing is Monday, do Saturday and Sunday count between the two days?
Closed intervening days are excluded in this exact two-day period. Count the remaining days and separately test the final statutory day.
General Construction Law 20Does early service alone require opposition seven days before the hearing?
No. CPLR 2214(b) requires both the minimum sixteen-day notice and its specified demand.
CPLR 2214(b)Can a weekend result move forward despite counting backward?
General Construction Law 25-a expressly includes statutory periods before which an act is due and permits the next succeeding business day. Check the actual time and any order.
General Construction Law 25-aOfficial New York procedural, counting and filing sources
Provisions used (11)
| Provision | Purpose |
|---|---|
| CPLR 2214(b) | The particular actor, event, period and required act |
| General Construction Law 20 | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| General Construction Law 25-a | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| General Construction Law 20, calendar days and exact two-day exception | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| General Construction Law 24, public holidays | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| General Construction Law 25-a, next succeeding business day | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| Election Law 8-100(1)(c), general election day | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| CPLR 2103, valid service and specified response additions | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| CPLR 2211, when a noticed motion is made | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| 22 NYCRR 202.5-b(d), (f), (h), (i) | The individually identified statutory, judicial, counting, service or filing qualification |
| Roberts v New York City Police Dept., 2022 NY Slip Op 33761(U), at 4 | Identified trial-court application of statutory closed final-day treatment; not a universal briefing order |